1. McAdams, W. "Heat Transmission", McGraw-Hill, Inc., N.Y., 1954.

2. Hougen, O., Watson, K., & Ragatz, R. "Chemical Processes Principles", Wiley International, 2nd. ed..

3. Fraas, A. "Heat Exchanger Design", 2nd. ed., Wiley International, 1989.

4. Incropera, F., and De Witt, D. "Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer", 3rd. ed., Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1990.

5. Perry, J. "Chemical Engineer's Handbook" 2nd. ed., McGraw-Hill, 1941.

6. Hutchinson, F. "Industrial Heat Transfer" Industrial Press, N.Y. 1952.

7. Dodds, J. "Report on the detrimental effects caused by scale deposits on heat exchangers and condensers", Dodds & Oboler Consultants, Inc.

8. Dodds, J.D. "Heat Exchanging Apparatus for Cooling and Condensing by Evaporation," United States Patent 4,693,302 - Nov, 1985 USPTO

9.. Garret-Price, B.A. et al "Fouling of Heat Exchangers - Characteristics, Costs, Prevention, Control and Removal," Noyes Publications, New Jersey, 1985.

 10. Van Wylen, G. Sonntag, R. & Borgnakke, C. "Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics", 4th ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1994.