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1. The aeration channels in these systems are of large volume and tend to carry high MLSS leading to very low F/M.
2. The oxidation ditch uses brush or low speed aerators that impart velocity to the water in a circular ditch so that like a river the water flows continuously around the circular or oval ditch. Thus the bottom velocity on the floor of the ditch can be maintained with less energy and the high MLSS solids can be kept in suspension with less mixing energy and with less shearing of the biological floc.
3. Finally, the dissolved oxygen levels vary as the water moves from one point to the other in the circular ditch (high right after the brush aerator and low as the water moves toward the next brush). There is also horizontal layering in the channel that promotes different DO levels around the ditch. The benefit of the various DO with the high nitrogen abattoir wastewater is that ammonia nitrogen present and generated from protein breakdown is oxidized to nitrite and nitrate and then denitrified simultaneously within the circular channel because of the DO variations and stratification.
The focus of nanobubble technology has been on methods for generation of nanobubbles and much less on applications. There are now some who are trying to commercialize the technology, but it is not clear concerning applications where it will offer advantages. With regard to wastewater treatment applications, historically the oxygen transfer (aeration) system has played the dual role of providing mixing energy to suspend biomass in the process. Nanobubbles, of course, do not do this. Thus, for nanobubble technology as it is being developed the applications will not be for traditional oxygen transfer in wastewater treatment systems.
